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mani pulite
''Mani pulite'' (, Italian for "clean hands") was a nationwide Italian judicial investigation into political corruption held in the 1990s. ''Mani pulite'' led to the demise of the so-called ''First Republic'', resulting in the disappearance of many parties. Some politicians and industry leaders committed suicide after their crimes were exposed.
In some accounts, as many as 5000 people have been cited as suspects. At one point more than half of the members of the Italian Parliament were under indictment. More than 400 city and town councils were dissolved because of corruption charges. The estimated value of bribes paid annually in the 1980s by Italian and foreign companies bidding for large government contracts in Italy reached 4 billion dollars (6.5 trillion lire).〔
The corruption system uncovered by these investigations was usually referred to as ''Tangentopoli'' ((:tandʒenˈtɔːpoli)). The term derives from ''tangente'', which means kickback and in this context refers to kickbacks given for public works contracts., and ''poli'' meaning city;〔''-poli'' is also used as a suffix for a scandal (e.g. Calciopoli, Scommessopoli), much like "-gate" in the English language (i.e. Zippergate, bloodgate).〕 it is thus sometimes translated as "Bribesville" or "Kickback City" and initially attributed to the city of Milan, where the investigations started, and later used as a synonym of the corruption system.
==Arrest of Mario Chiesa==
Tangentopoli began on 17 February 1992 when judge Antonio Di Pietro had Mario Chiesa, a member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), arrested for accepting a bribe from a Milan cleaning firm. The PSI distanced themselves from Chiesa. Bettino Craxi called Mario Chiesa ''mariuolo'', or "villain", a "wild splinter" of the otherwise clean Italian Socialist Party. Upset over this treatment by his former colleagues, Chiesa began to give information about corruption implicating his colleagues. This marked the beginning of the ''mani pulite'' investigation; news of political corruption began spreading in the press.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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